condom
come to safe sex, i got article maybe this one help us to understand to better life
The male condom
Effectiveness of Condoms in Preventing Sexually Transmitted Infections Including HIV
Prevention is the first line of defence against HIV/AIDS and condoms have long been a mainstay of HIV prevention programmes. Recently, however, questions have been raised about the effectiveness of condoms as a means to prevent sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including HIV. An extensive review of all available studies was conducted by a panel convened by US National Institutes of Health (NIH) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in June 2000 in the United States, with the participation of WHO. The review concluded that condoms, when used correctly and consistently, are effective for preventing HIV infection in women and men and gonorrhoea in men. For other STIs, however, the available data are less complete.
In news items following the release, there appear to have been misunderstandings about the difference between "lack of evidence of effectiveness" and a "lack of effectiveness." Many reasons exist for the current lack of evidence: studies to establish reliably the effectiveness of condoms against specific STIs can be very difficult to conduct in a scientifically valid and ethical manner. Nonetheless, additional studies are already under way and more are planned. Until these or other studies providing additional reliable evidence can be completed, the effectiveness of condoms against some specific STIs will remain a matter of debate.
WHO and UNAIDS Secretariat have been following this debate closely and find the recent NIH/CDC report comprehensive and balanced in addressing this delicate issue.
Effectiveness of Condoms in Preventing Sexually Transmitted Infections Including HIV
Prevention is the first line of defence against HIV/AIDS and condoms have long been a mainstay of HIV prevention programmes. Recently, however, questions have been raised about the effectiveness of condoms as a means to prevent sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including HIV. An extensive review of all available studies was conducted by a panel convened by US National Institutes of Health (NIH) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in June 2000 in the United States, with the participation of WHO. The review concluded that condoms, when used correctly and consistently, are effective for preventing HIV infection in women and men and gonorrhoea in men. For other STIs, however, the available data are less complete.
In news items following the release, there appear to have been misunderstandings about the difference between "lack of evidence of effectiveness" and a "lack of effectiveness." Many reasons exist for the current lack of evidence: studies to establish reliably the effectiveness of condoms against specific STIs can be very difficult to conduct in a scientifically valid and ethical manner. Nonetheless, additional studies are already under way and more are planned. Until these or other studies providing additional reliable evidence can be completed, the effectiveness of condoms against some specific STIs will remain a matter of debate.
WHO and UNAIDS Secretariat have been following this debate closely and find the recent NIH/CDC report comprehensive and balanced in addressing this delicate issue.
The female condom
The polyurethane female condom (FC1) was developed in the 1990s by the Female Health Company and provides a barrier method for women to use, particularly in situations where they are unable t
o insist on male condom use by their partner. The product was marketed worldwide and introduced into national STI and HIV prevention and family planning programmes in the late 1990s. Although shown to be effective in prevention of pregnancy and acceptable to users, the product never achieved its full potential in national programmes due to the high cost compared with male condoms.
The Female Health Company has developed a new version of the female condom which has similar physical characteristics but is made of synthetic latex in a considerably less expensive manufacturing process. The new device (FC2) has the potential for wider acceptability and utilization since it is expected to be more affordable for individuals and programmes. If high utilization rates of the new device can be achieved, it is hoped that it will make a substantial contribution to prevention of unwanted pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections, including HIV.
In contrast to latex male condoms, there are currently no agreed technical specifications for female condoms. The Female Health Company has accordingly submitted technical information about the new device which is being evaluated by the World Health Organization (WHO). If this review is favourable, the product could be included within the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) condom procurement programme and would be expected to replace the polyurethane device. The public sector price of the product is currently under discussion with the Female Health Company, and will depend in part on the volume of public sector sales
o insist on male condom use by their partner. The product was marketed worldwide and introduced into national STI and HIV prevention and family planning programmes in the late 1990s. Although shown to be effective in prevention of pregnancy and acceptable to users, the product never achieved its full potential in national programmes due to the high cost compared with male condoms.The Female Health Company has developed a new version of the female condom which has similar physical characteristics but is made of synthetic latex in a considerably less expensive manufacturing process. The new device (FC2) has the potential for wider acceptability and utilization since it is expected to be more affordable for individuals and programmes. If high utilization rates of the new device can be achieved, it is hoped that it will make a substantial contribution to prevention of unwanted pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections, including HIV.
In contrast to latex male condoms, there are currently no agreed technical specifications for female condoms. The Female Health Company has accordingly submitted technical information about the new device which is being evaluated by the World Health Organization (WHO). If this review is favourable, the product could be included within the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) condom procurement programme and would be expected to replace the polyurethane device. The public sector price of the product is currently under discussion with the Female Health Company, and will depend in part on the volume of public sector sales
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